Automotive Powder Metallurgy
Application Of Powder Metallurgy in Automobile Field
It is well known that many auto parts are gear structures, and these gears are made of powder metallurgy. With the development of my country's automobile industry and the improvement of energy saving and emission reduction requirements, the application of powder metallurgy technology in the automobile industry. Powder metallurgy will produce more and more metal parts. At present, the average powder metallurgy product of each car in my country is only 5-6 kg. Taking into account the factors of energy saving and emission reduction, domestic enterprises will use powder metallurgy technology to produce auto parts more in the future.
Distribution of powder metallurgy parts in automobiles. Among them, there are shock absorber parts, guide rails, pistons, low valve seats, ABS sensors, brake pads, etc. in the chassis. In braking system; pump parts mainly include key components in fuel pump, oil pump and transmission pump; engine has conduit, seat ring, connecting rod, casing, key components of variable valve timing system (VVT) and exhaust pipe Bearings etc. ; The transmission has components such as synchronous hub and planetary gear carrier.
With the improvement of automobile energy saving and emission reduction requirements, in recent years, VVT parts, variable pump and brake vacuum booster pump parts have been widely developed and applied in these three types of energy saving and emission reduction auto parts.
1. VVT powder metallurgy parts
VVT or VCT (variable cam timing system) adjusts the phase of the engine cams through the equipped control and execution system, so that the valve opening and closing time varies with the engine speed to improve the charging efficiency. System to increase engine power. The actuators of the VVT or VCT system - the core components of the phaser, stator, rotor and end caps are mostly powder metallurgy.
The principle is to adjust the intake and exhaust volume and valve opening and closing time and angle according to the operating conditions of the engine to optimize the intake air volume, improve the combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. The benefits are fuel economy and power improvements.
2. Powder metallurgy parts in oil pumps
At present, most of the engine oil pumps and automatic transmission oil pumps use quantitative oil pumps, and the quantitative oil pumps are generally external gear pumps, internal meshing cycloid pumps or internal gear pumps. The gears of this pump are manufactured using a powder metallurgy process.
3. Powder metallurgy parts in oil pumps
For quantitative oil pumps, the amount of oil increases with the increase of engine speed, and the relationship between the two is linear. In order to ensure a smaller oil volume at low speed and a smaller oil pressure at high speed, the oil pump will be designed to be larger, which puts forward higher requirements on the layout of the engine compartment. At the same time, when the engine is running at high speed, excess oil will flow back from the oil circuit, resulting in increased engine power consumption. The variable oil pump will adjust the oil pressure and oil volume according to the working conditions of the engine, so as to achieve the purpose of saving fuel.
According to research data, in an engine equipped with a fixed displacement oil pump, when the speed is > 2500r/min, about 50% of the power oil flows directly back to the oil pump inlet or oil pan through the pressure reducing valve, bringing energy. Waste; using a variable oil pump instead of a metered oil pump typically saves 2% to 5% of fuel and reduces CO2 emissions by 1% to 2%.
Variable displacement pumps typically have one type of construction, such as external gear pumps, vane pumps, and vane pumps. External gear pump such as Volkswagen's EA888 project, one of which has a fixed axial position of the gear, and the other gear is adjusted axially with the pressure. At idle, the two gears mesh. As the speed increases, so does the pressure of the pump. When the pressure increases, the gear meshing part of the compression spring shortens, so that the flow of the oil pump can be adjusted at any time. The gears of this pump are manufactured using a powder metallurgy process.
The vane variable displacement pump is mainly composed of a stator, a rotor and a vane, of which the stator and the rotor are powder metallurgy parts. The vane variable displacement pump regulates the flow by adjusting the eccentricity of the pressure.
4. Brake booster vacuum pump in powder metallurgy parts
Vehicles with gasoline engines, due to engine ignition, will generate high vacuum pressure in the intake manifold, which can provide a sufficient vacuum source for the vacuum-assisted braking system. Most vacuum pumps today are connected to the intake manifold. in office. In order to meet high emission and environmental requirements, gasoline direct injection engines cannot provide the same level of vacuum pressure in the intake manifold to meet the requirements of the vacuum brake booster system. Therefore, a vacuum pump needs to be installed.
For diesel powered vehicles, the same level of vacuum pressure cannot be provided at the intake manifold because the engine is pressure fired, so a vacuum pump is required to provide the vacuum source. The power of the vacuum pump is taken directly from the engine. The power is driven by the powder metallurgy coupling to drive the powder metallurgy rotor, which then drives the plastic valve. The rotor and pump chamber have a certain eccentricity. The rotation of the valve plate creates a vacuum to complete the brake assist effect. This type of vacuum pump was mainly developed to meet the high emission requirements of petrol and diesel engines and plays a role in reducing emissions.
5. Auto compressor spare parts
Automobile compressor parts include a series of parts such as cylinder, cylinder head, valve, valve plate, crankshaft, connecting rod, piston rod and so on. The advantages of using powder metallurgy parts for automobile compressors are also comprehensively considered: using powder metallurgy processing can use molds for mass production, the products are uniformly formed, and alloying elements can be added to the raw materials to enhance the performance of the products. Powder metallurgy has higher processing accuracy and lower focus, and can be formed at one time without cutting, which can save costs.
6. Auto wiper parts
Wiper accessories and chassis accessories: If the car wiper accessories are directly made of plastic and metal materials, some aging conditions are likely to occur in the outdoor environment, and powder metallurgy parts have good temperature and temperature properties, and can be used outdoors. The cranks, connecting rods, swing rods, bearings, scrapers, etc. of the wiper are all made of powder metallurgy parts. As a wearing part, the wiper needs to consider its replacement cost, and powder metallurgy parts are more suitable.
7. Auto tailgate spare parts
Among the spare parts of automobile tailgate, the most used powder metallurgy processing is the shaft sleeve. The shaft sleeve is a cylindrical mechanical part that is sleeved on the rotating shaft and is an integral part of the sliding bearing. The material of the shaft sleeve is 45 steel, and its process requires one-time forming without cutting, which is just in line with the powder metallurgy technology, which is also an important reason for the application of powder metallurgy in automobile tailgate parts.
8. Auto chassis spare parts
The various sealing covers of the chassis of the car are made of some high-strength plastic plates, and powder metallurgy parts are used on the connecting parts of the plastic plates, mainly because such parts themselves have a certain hardness, and at the same time Due to its relatively high density, under external action, it will also have a certain buffering effect.
9. Car interior accessories
Interior accessories: plastic plates and skins are used for accessories in automobile interiors. Powder metallurgy parts are mainly used to fix them at the bottom plate of seats and various central controls. There are many powder metallurgy parts in automobile interiors. High replaceability, so not all interiors can see it.
The above are the common powder metallurgy auto parts shared by Zhongwei Precision, of course not limited to the above points. As we all know, many parts in the car are gear construction, and these gears are manufactured by powder metallurgy process. With the development of the automobile industry and the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, powder metallurgy technology is increasingly used in the auto parts industry, and many metal parts are produced by metallurgical processes.
The wide application of powder metallurgy technology has also increased the competition among powder metallurgy manufacturers. Whether the powder metallurgy manufacturing technology is mature or not is the core of the production and development of major manufacturers. Qinhuangdao Zhongwei Precision Machinery Co., Ltd. was founded in 1997, focusing on the research of metal powder pressing and metal powder injection molding technology. It is a modern high-tech enterprise integrating R&D, manufacturing, technical consultant guidance, and sales services. Its advanced technology, molding equipment, testing instruments and excellent product quality enable the company's high-precision powder metallurgy products to include: precision parts oil-impregnated bearings, structural parts, gears, powder metallurgy auto parts and various powder injection molding products; material; Including: copper series, copper iron series, iron series, alloy steel, stainless steel ceramics, etc. If you want to know a lot of powder metallurgy industry information, you can go to the official website of "Qinhuangdao Zhongwei Precision Machinery Co., Ltd.".